郭易英文企管科學院GuoYi BA English Akademia

In 1881, Joseph Wharton, one of the founders of the Bethlehem Steel Company, approached the University of Pennsylvania with a somewhat rad-ical request: to create the world's first collegiate business school.

1881年，伯利恆鋼鐵公司的創始人之一約瑟夫．華頓向賓州大學提出了一個頗為激進的請求︰建立全球第一所學院式商業學校。

He had a notion to elevate the study of busi-ness from a trade into a rigorous profession, to start a school that would produce graduates who would become "pillars of the state, whether in private or in public life".

他的想法是將商業研究從一種行業提升到一個嚴謹的專業層次，並創辦一所學院，以培養「在公私領域都能成為棟樑」的畢業生。

Wharton has come along way since then. To-day, it is one of the most competitive business schools in the world and stands at the pinnacle of business education.

華頓商學院就此展開發展歷程。今天，它已成為世界上最具競爭力的商學院之一，站在商業教育的顛峰。

"The thing I like about Wharton and Penn is that it's not self-satisfied," says Patrick Harker, who has been dean of Wharton since 2000 and a long-time faculty member. "We're at the top of our game, but there is no sense here of peo-ple letting up. It's a culture and an attitude."

「我最喜歡華頓和賓州大學的地方就是，它們從不滿足於已取得的成就。」長期執教於華頓，並從2000年起擔任院長的派屈克‧哈克說道。「雖然我們是這一行的佼佼者，但是我們從不懈怠。這是一種文化，一種態度。」

In addition to a standard MBA, Wharton offers an undergraduate programme as well as executive and doctoral programmes. With 215 full-time professors–and another 200 part-time profes-sors–it boasts the largest faculty of any of the leading international business schools.

在標準的MBA課程之外，華頓也開設了本科生課程以及高階主管和博士生課程。讓該校引以為傲的是，該校在所有國際一流商學院中擁有規模最大的師資團隊，共有215名全職教授和200名兼職教授。

Like most other business schools, core classes in finance, marketing, management, and opera-tions take up the first year of Wharton's MBA programme. In the second year, students have a choice of 18 majors including healthcare manage-ment, real estate and multi-national management.

和其他大多數商學院一樣，財務、行銷、管理和營運組成了華頓MBA一年級的核心課程。在第二年，學生可以在醫療健康管理、不動產和跨國企業管理等18門專業課程中做選擇。

Students are also required to take at least nine elective courses–ranging from urban fiscal policy to private equity in emerging markets to en-trepreneurship and venture initiation.

學院還要求學生至少修讀九門選修課──包括城市財政政策、新興市場的私募基金、創業與創業家精神。

Prof Harker says what differentiates Wharton's teaching from other schools is that it is not tied to a single pedagogy. Professors use a variety of methods, including lectures, cases, simulations and action learning.

哈克教授指出，華頓的教學和其他學校不同的地方在於，華頓不拘泥於單一的教學方法。教授們會採用包括講座、案例、模擬和行動學習在內的一系列教學手法。

"We want to focus more on learning and less on teaching," he says. "Our focus is along the lines of: What are the most important things students need to learn and what is the most ef-fective way for them to learn those things It's freeing; you break out of old ways of doing things."

「我們更加注重的是學，而不是教。」他說，「我們關注的重點在於︰學生需要學習的最重要事物是什麼？他們怎樣可以最有效地學到這些？這是一種突破，它能讓你打破舊的行事模式。」

That said, Wharton's curriculum stresses quan-titative reasoning, according to David Schmittlein, deputy dean: "At Wharton we are committed to a rigorous examination of real problems and a dedication and carefulness of getting the right answers."

儘管如此，在副院長大衛‧施密特雷恩看來，華頓的課程設置仍然強調定量分析。他說︰「在華頓，我們致力於對真實問題的嚴肅解析，以及小心求解正確的答案。」

He adds: "It can't just be the creative idea of the moment. It's a combination of critical and analytical thinking, coming up with an answer you can credibly defend based on logic and reasoning,not just based on your debating skills. "

他補充道︰「這不能只靠一時興起的奇想。我們要做的是把批判性思維和分析思考結合起來。你必須靠邏輯推理來捍衛你的答案，而不是辯論技巧。」

（更多內容詳見培生出版《讀金融時報學英文精選集4-MBA&EMBA》)