郭易英文企管科學院GuoYi BA English Akademia

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Presentation Skills for Public Speaking

è了解觀眾需求

Know the needs of your audience and match your contents to their needs. Know your material thoroughly. Put what you have to say in a logical sequence. Ensure your speech will be captivating to your audience as well as worth their time and attention. Practice and rehearse your speech at home or where you can be at ease and comfortable, in front of a mirror, your family, friends or colleagues. Use a tape-recorder and listen to yourself. Videotape your presentation and analyze it. Know what your strong and weak points are. Emphasize your strong points during your presentation.

è演講者即演員

When you are presenting in front of an audience, you are performing as an actor is on stage. How you are being perceived is very important. Dress appropriately for the occasion. Be solemn if your topic is serious. Present the desired image to your audience. Look pleasant, enthusiastic, confident, proud, but not arrogant. Remain calm. Appear relaxed, even if you feel nervous. Speak slowly, enunciate clearly, and show appropriate emotion and feeling relating to your topic. Establish rapport with your audience. Speak to the person farthest away from you to ensure your voice is loud enough to project to the back of the room. Vary the tone of your voice and dramatize if necessary. If a microphone is available, adjust and adapt your voice accordingly.

è適度肢體語言

Body language is important. Standing, walking or moving about with appropriate hand gesture or facial expression is preferred to sitting down or standing still with head down and reading from a prepared speech. Use audio-visual aids or props for enhancement if appropriate and necessary. Master the use of presentation software such as PowerPoint well before your presentation. Do not over-dazzle your audience with excessive use of animation, sound clips, or gaudy colors which are inappropriate for your topic. Do not torture your audience by putting a lengthy document in tiny print on an overhead and reading it out to them.

è強調有力論證

Speak with conviction as if you really believe in what you are saying. Persuade your audience effectively. The material you present orally should have the same ingredients as that which are required for a written research paper, i.e. a logical progression from INTRODUCTION (Thesis statement) to BODY (strong supporting arguments, accurate and up-to-date information) to CONCLUSION (re-state thesis, summary, and logical conclusion).

è避免逐字朗讀

Do not read from notes for any extended length of time although it is quite acceptable to glance at your notes infrequently. Speak loudly and clearly. Sound confident. Do not mumble. If you made an error, correct it, and continue. No need to make excuses or apologize profusely.

è誠懇眼神交會

 Maintain sincere eye contact with your audience. Use the 3-second method, e.g. look straight into the eyes of a person in the audience for 3 seconds at a time. Have direct eye contact with a number of people in the audience, and every now and then glance at the whole audience while speaking. Use your eye contact to make everyone in your audience feel involved.

è因應臨場狀況

Speak to your audience, listen to their questions, respond to their reactions, adjust and adapt. If what you have prepared is obviously not getting across to your audience, change your strategy mid-stream if you are well prepared to do so. Remember that communication is the key to a successful presentation. If you are short of time, know what can be safely left out. If you have extra time, know what could be effectively added. Always be prepared for the unexpected.

è適度暫停運用

Pause. Allow yourself and your audience a little time to reflect and think. Don't race through your presentation and leave your audience, as well as yourself, feeling out of breath.

è添加合宜幽默

Add humor whenever appropriate and possible. Keep audience interested throughout your entire presentation. Remember that an interesting speech makes time fly, but a boring speech is always too long to endure even if the presentation time is the same.

è檢查所需設備

When using audio-visual aids to enhance your presentation, be sure all necessary equipment is set up and in good working order prior to the presentation. If possible, have an emergency backup system readily available.  Check out the location ahead of time to ensure seating arrangements for audience, whiteboard, blackboard, lighting, location of projection screen, sound system, etc. are suitable for your presentation.

è給予紙本大綱

Have handouts ready and give them out at the appropriate time. Tell audience ahead of time that you will be giving out an outline of your presentation so that they will not waste time taking unnecessary notes during your presentation.

è精確時間掌握

Know when to STOP talking. Use a timer or the microwave oven clock to time your presentation when preparing it at home. Just as you don't use unnecessary words in your written paper, you don't bore your audience with repetitious or unnecessary words in your oral presentation. To end your presentation, summarize your main points in the same way as you normally do in the CONCLUSION of a written paper. Remember, however, that there is a difference between spoken words appropriate for the ear and formally written words intended for reading. Terminate your presentation with an interesting remark or an appropriate punch line. Leave your listeners with a positive impression and a sense of completion. Do not belabor your closing remarks. Thank your audience and sit down.

è備好紙本文件

Have the written portion of your assignment or report ready for your instructor if required.

Public Speaking Links:

Advanced Public Speaking Institute. Free Articles on Public Speaking. Include:

• Public Speaking: Get 'em On Stage.
  
• Public Speaking: The Differences Between a Man and a Woman . . . in the Audience that is . . .
  
• Public Speaking: Pick Your Audience - Learn to pick the right audience for you.
  
• Public Speaking: How to Close a Speech.
  
• Public Speaking: Cool Color Commentary - Pay attention to color, Flip chart color ...
  
• Public Speaking: Attention Gaining Devices.
  
• Why Use Humor? and more. (Pop-up Ads).

Allyn and Bacon's Public Speaking Website contains five modules that help you prepare your speeches.

The Art of Communicating Effectively. Tips for a successful presentation.

Articles and Publications with presentation tips and suggestions from Professional Business Communications.

Art of Public Speaking. Hints and tips on public speaking, public speaking nerves and anxiety.

Art of Speaking in Public by Mahavir Mohnot, India. Contents: Speaking in Public Confidently, Checklist for a Good Speaker, Tips to Prepare Your Speech, How to Deliver a Speech, More Tips for Effective Speaking, Formal Speeches, Motivational Speech, Rhyme & Chime of Public Speaking, Links to Famous Speeches: John F. Kennedy, Abraham Lincoln, Mother Teresa, Martin Luther King, Jr., Mark Anthony, and Nehru. (Pop-up ads).

Basic Public Speaking, 2nd Edition (Paperback): The Roadmap to Confident Communications
by Douglas A. Parker, M.Ed.

Basic Public Speaking, 2nd Edition - The Roadmap to Confident Communications. Excerpts from the book by Douglas Parker. Public Speaking Advice, Tips for Teachers, and Helpful Resources. Contents include:

• How to write a speech.
  
• How to "size up" your audience.
  
• Basic Speech Organization Skills.
  
• How nerves affect the speaker, and what can be done about it!.
  
• Basic speech evaluation and assessment tools.

Better Public Speaking & Presentation - Ensure Your Words Are Always Understood by Kellie Fowler, from Mind Tools. Being prepared: Guidelines for Thinking Ahead: Ask yourself: Who? What? How? When? Where? Why?

Big Dog's Leadership Page - Presentation Skills by Donald R. Clark. Contents: Introduction, The Voice, The Body, Active Listening, Nerves, Questions, Preparing the Presentation, Habits, Tips and Techniques for Great Presentations, Templates.

Brian Carter's Public Speaking Tips. Public speaking resource with articles, tips, sample topics, and speech examples.

Business: Public Speaking from The Sideroad. Includes:

• Effective Public Speaking by Stephen D. Boyd, Ph.D., CSP, professor of speech communication at Northern Kentucky University in Highland Heights, Kentucky.
  
• Getting Over Your Last Minute Fear of Public Speaking by Patricia Fripp. See also Giving a Speech? -- My Top 10 Suggestions.
  
• Improve Your Public Speaking: Openers and Closers by Lillian D. Bjorseth.
  
• Overcoming Last Minute Presentation Fear by Connie de Veer.
  
• Presentation Skills: How to Improve by Kevin Eikenberry.
  
• Speech Writing: Be Brief! by Stephen D. Boyd.
  
• Using Quotations by Caterina Rando.

Effective Presentations. UCLA Sponsored Research. Includes practical tips on effective slide presentation such as: Seven words a line, seven lines a slide.

Elements of an Effective Speech and Five Ways to Make Your Body Speak by Lenny Laskowski.

Gifts of Speech: Women's Speeches from Around the World. Browse alphabetically By Last Name, or browse chronologically By Year (1948-1979) to view Featured Speakers and their speeches.

How to Be Great at Public Speaking and Get Paid for It by Tom Antion.

How To Conquer Public Speaking Fear by Morton C. Orman, M.D.

How to Take the Anxiety Out of Public Speaking: Professional Speakers Offer Tricks of the Trade by Marsha Mardock and Dulce de Leon, from National Speakers Association. Site includes: 10 Tips for Finding the Right Speaker.

McGraw-Hill's Public Speaking Site. Speech Preparation Tutorials: Selecting a topic, Locating and evaluating resources, Preparing the speech, Speaking to an audience, Listening to speeches.

On the Job: Public Speaking Tips - Twelve Steps to Great Presentations by Elise Bauer.

Presentation Helper. Help and advice for your presentations.

Presentation Points. Modified from Neuro-Linquistic Programming Practitioners Course.

Presentation Skills for Emergent Managers. Presentations viewed as one of the first managerial skills needed by an emergent manager. Fnd out what a presentation can do for you. (Pop-up ads).

Presenters University. Articles on Delivery Skills. Learn how to be an impactful power presenter.

Public Speaking. Speakers who are ill prepared tend to be nervous. Nervousness leads to anxiety and forgetfulness. Anxiety and forgetfulness lead to nervousness which leads to anxiety and forgetfulness ... The answer is to understand public speaking and learn how to control your feelings so as to make a good showing.

Public Speaking Tip & Trick Links from Kirby Tepper.

Public Speaking Tips. 10 tips for effective speaking from Character Counts!

Public Speaking Tips (or how to enjoy presentations). Article by Mark Tyrrell with practical advice. Topics covered include: 8 Tips for Dealing with Difficult People and Tough Questions, The 10 Most Common Public Speaking Fears, Avoiding a Major Public Speaking Mistake, and others.

Speaking Tips by Stephen M. Fournier. Contents: General Tips, Opening and Closing, The Speech Body, Body Language, Vocal Variety, More on Voice, Nervousness.

Speaker Tips: Change Your Attitude to Fight "Stage Fright" and The Three Fundamentals of Selling Your Message: Persuading your audience without tricking them by Ron Sathoff. (Scroll down page to view article).

Speaking Tips from Presentations.com.

Speech Archives. Great Speeches from the History Channel. Hear the Words that Changed the World. Vast collection of speeches is drawn from the most famous broadcasts and recordings of the 20th century. Categories: Politics & Government; Science & Technology; Arts, Entertainment & Culture; War & Diplomacy.

Speech Topics Help, Advice & Ideas. How-to guides, tips to brainstorm and research speech topics, and lists of ideas to get inspiration for public speaking assignments.

SpeechTips.com. Free guide to speech writing and public speaking. Step 1: Planning, Step 2: Writing, Step 3: Delivery.

Strategies to Succeed in Public Speaking from School for Champions. Includes: Overcome the Fear of Speaking to Groups by Ron Kurtus, A Short Guide to Effective Public Speaking by Stephen D. Boyd, Succeed by Studying Great Speeches with links to great speeches from 1800s to 2000s, Strategies to Succeed in Writing, and more.

Toastmasters International: 10 Tips for Successful Public Speaking. See also Don't Burn Your Toast: Tips on Toasting from Toastmasters